There are a few factors to consider when choosing a health insurance plan, such as your budget, health needs, and desired level of coverage. You will be assisted by a licensed agent whom will take into account the network of doctors and hospitals that the plan covers.

When it comes to enrolling in health insurance, you can generally do so during one of two periods:

1. Open Enrollment Period: This is the main time each year when anyone can sign up for a new plan, typically running from November 1 to January 15.

2. Special Enrollment Period (SEP): This is a specific window of time you get if you've had a major life event, such as losing your job, getting married, having a baby, or moving. This period usually lasts for 60 days after the event.

You can also enroll in Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) at any time throughout the year if you qualify based on your income.

3. The Medicare Annual Enrollment Period (AEP) is a yearly window from October 15 to December 7 when people with Medicare can change their health and prescription drug plans. This is the time to switch between Original Medicare and a Medicare Advantage Plan or to change Part D drug plans. Any changes made during this period will go into effect on January 1 of the next year.

A copay (or copayment) is a fixed dollar amount you pay for a covered healthcare service, such as a doctor's visit or a prescription. Unlike coinsurance, which is a percentage, a copay is a set fee that you usually pay at the time of service. It's a form of cost-sharing that makes your out-of-pocket costs predictable.